Known as captains regent, the two heads of state serve concurrently and equal powers until their term expires after six months. Uniquely, San Marino's constitution dictates that its democratically elected legislature, the Grand and General Council, must elect two heads of state every six months. Marinus then went on to found an independently ruled monastic community on Monte Titano in AD 301 thus, San Marino lays claim to being the oldest extant sovereign state, as well as the oldest constitutional republic. Born in AD 275, Marinus participated in the rebuilding of Rimini's city walls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates. The country derives its name from Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the then- Roman island of Rab in present-day Croatia. San Marino's official language is Italian. The country's capital city, the City of San Marino, is located atop Monte Titano, while its largest settlement is Dogana within the largest municipality of Serravalle. San Marino is a landlocked country however, its northeastern end is within ten kilometres (six miles) of the Italian city of Rimini on the Adriatic coast. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, San Marino is the fifth-smallest country in the world and covers a land area of just over 61 km 2 ( 23 + 1⁄ 2 sq mi), with a population of 33,562. San Marino ( / ˌ s æ n m ə ˈ r iː n oʊ/ ( listen), Italian: ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( Italian: Repubblica di San Marino Romagnol: Ripóbblica d' San Marein), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is a European microstate and country enclaved by Italy.
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